A power transformer is the most costly and essential equipment of an electrical transformer. So for getting high performance and long functional life of the transformer, it is desired to perform various maintenance activities. Not only that, but a power transformer also requires various maintenance actions including measurement and testing of different parameters of the transformer. There are mainly two types of maintenance of transformer. We perform one group is in a routine basis, and the second group is as when required.
That means for getting smooth performance from a transformer we have to perform some maintenance actions on regular basis. Some other types of maintenance of transformer we perform as when they are required. But if one performs regular maintenance properly, he may not have any provision of performing emergency maintenance. The regular checking and maintenance of the transformer are also known as condition maintenance.
Hence by proper condition maintenance, one can avoid emergency and breakdown maintenance. That is why one technical personnel should mainly concentrate on-condition maintenance. As 100% condition maintenance causes 0% breakdown of equipment. There are many different maintenance actions, to be performed on a power transformer. Some of them are on a yearly basis, some of them are on a monthly basis, some others are quarterly, some are on a half-yearly basis. These are mainly transformer maintenance actions, which are to be performed in 3 to 4 years intervals.
Let us first discuss about the action to be taken on power transformer in monthly basis.
1. The oil level in oil cap under silica gel breather must be checked in one month interval. If it is found the transformer oil inside the cup comes below the specified level, oil to be top up as per specified level.If it is required, the oil to be filled in the bushing up to correct level. Oil filling to be done under shutdown condition.
In case of unsatisfactory oil level in the MOG, oil to be filled in transformer and also the transformer tank to be checked for oil leakage. If oil leakage is found take required action to plug the leakage. If silica gel becomes pinkish, it should be replaced.
The transformer oil must be checked half yearly basis that means once in 6 months, for dielectric strength, water content, acidity, sludge content, flash point, DDA, IFT, resistivity for transformer oil. In case of distribution transformer, as they are operating light load condition all the time of day remaining peak hours, so there is no maintenance required.